CORAL REEF DAMAGE IN RAJA AMPAT: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF REEFS CORAL

• Karlina Lestari

  Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

  Author

• Eka Nurhidayati

  University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

  Author

• Ruben Kafelkai

  University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

  Author

• Rangga Ilham Wijaya Pratama

  University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

  Author

• Ferdyansyah Dwiangga Syaifudin

  University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

  Author

• Masitha Tismananda Kumala

  University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

  Author

Coral reefs are one of the biological resources originating from the sea which play a very important role in maintaining the balance of coastal ecosystems and supporting the economic sustainability of the community. beach. Indonesia is country archipelago with line beach The second longest in the world, which has a major responsibility to protect this ecosystem. In the context of international law, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides a legal basis for coastal states to regulate, conserve, and restore the marine environment, including coral reefs, as stipulated in Articles 192–194. This study aims to analyze the form of coral reef protection according to the provisions of the 1982 UNCLOS, assess its implementation in Indonesian national law, and examine the government's responsibility in the case of coral reef damage in Raja Ampat. The research methods used are normative and empirical juridical, with a legislative, conceptual, and case study approach. The results of the study indicate that the obligation to protect the marine environment is erga omnes, binding on all countries without exception. Indonesia has ratified UNCLOS through Law Number 17 of 1985, and supplemented it with national regulations such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, as well as PP Number 60 Year 2007 about Conservation Source Power Fish. Although Normatively, the legal instruments are strong, but their implementation still faces challenges. matter coordination inter-agency, limitations source Power man, as well as Weak field supervision. The case of coral reef damage by the cruise ship MV Caledonian Sky in King Ampat year 2017 become reflection weakness system law enforcement environment sea Indonesia. Effort settlement change make a loss Which No optimal The study reveals gaps in cross-jurisdictional legal liability mechanisms. The study's recommendations include strengthening maritime law enforcement through strict liability mechanisms, expanding marine conservation areas, and utilizing drone-based monitoring technology and underwater photogrammetry to support scientific evidence in law enforcement.

1. Eka Nurhidayati, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

   Faculty Law, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia

2. Ruben Kafelkai, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

   Faculty Law, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia

3. Rangga Ilham Wijaya Pratama, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

   Faculty Law, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia

4. Ferdyansyah Dwiangga Syaifudin, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

   Faculty Law, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia

5. Masitha Tismananda Kumala, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

   Faculty Law, University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia

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