REKONSTRUKSI SISTEM PEMULIHAN ASET HASIL KORUPSI DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS KRITIS TERHADAP SINKRONISASI HUKUM ACARA PIDANA DAN RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERAMPASAN ASET

• Nadiya Putri Hidayah

  Universitas Jember

  Author

• Eben Christina Sihotang

  Universitas Jember

  Author

• Yusuf Aulia Rahman

  Universitas Jember

  Author

• Nuris Fitriani

  Universitas Jember

  Author

Asset recovery remains one of the most challenging aspects of Indonesia’s anti-corruption efforts. The existing criminal procedure framework still places asset confiscation as a consequence of a final criminal conviction, which often restricts the state’s ability to reclaim public losses when perpetrators flee, pass away, or disguise their wealth through complex financial schemes. The Draft Law on Asset Forfeiture introduces a significant innovation by enabling non-conviction-based confiscation supported by limited reverse burden of proof, yet its integration with the Criminal Procedure Code, the Anti-Corruption Law, and the Anti-Money Laundering Law raises several technical and normative concerns. This study examines the reconstruction of Indonesia’s asset recovery system through a critical analysis of the synchronization between current criminal procedure regulations and the proposed mechanisms in the Draft Law on Asset Forfeiture. The findings highlight unresolved inconsistencies in standards of proof, procedural requirements for seizure and confiscation, institutional mandates, and safeguards for legitimate asset owners. Comparative insights from international practices further demonstrate the need for a clear, unified, and coherent framework that strengthens asset tracing, prevents procedural conflicts, and ensures judicial oversight. The study concludes that Indonesia requires a harmonized legal architecture capable of supporting a more effective, transparent, and rights-respecting asset recovery regime. 

Pemulihan aset hasil korupsi merupakan komponen penting dalam upaya menekan kerugian negara, namun sistem yang berlaku di Indonesia masih menghadapi hambatan normatif dan prosedural. KUHAP, UU Tipikor, dan UU TPPU belum membentuk kerangka pemulihan aset yang terintegrasi sehingga proses penyitaan dan perampasan sering berjalan tidak efektif, terutama ketika pelaku melarikan diri, meninggal dunia, atau menyembunyikan kekayaan melalui skema pencucian uang. Rancangan Undang-Undang Perampasan Aset menawarkan inovasi melalui perampasan berbasis ketidakwajaran harta dan mekanisme non-conviction based asset forfeiture, namun pengaturannya perlu disejajarkan dengan hukum acara pidana agar tidak menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan maupun pelanggaran hak pemilik aset yang sah. Penelitian ini menelaah kebutuhan rekonstruksi sistem pemulihan aset melalui analisis sinkronisasi regulasi serta kajian atas model internasional yang terbukti meningkatkan efektivitas asset recovery. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rekonstruksi dapat dilakukan melalui penetapan norma umum penyitaan dan perampasan yang bersifat lintas-sektoral, penegasan batas kewenangan lembaga penegak hukum, serta perumusan standar pembuktian yang memberi ruang pembelaan memadai. Reformulasi tersebut diharapkan memperkuat konsistensi regulasi dan meningkatkan kemampuan negara memulihkan kerugian publik tanpa mengabaikan prinsip keadilan prosedural. 

ARTIKEL JURNAL / KARYA ILMIAH

Ilma, Hutmi Amivia. “Tantangan Mekanisme Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture Dalam RUU Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Indonesia” 03, no. 01 (2025): 48–60.

Mulkan, Hasanal, and Serlika Aprita. “ASSET RECOVERY DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBALIAN KERUGIAN KEUANGAN NEGARA” VII, no. 1 (2023): 174–80.

Miles, Matthew B., A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. “Qualitative Data Analysis A Methods Sourcebook Edition 3.” Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 30, no. 25 (2016): 33. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.25.33.s40.

BUKU

World Bank Group. Asset Recovery Handbook A Guide for Practitioners, Second Edition, 2021.

LAPORAN RESMI / LAPORAN TAHUNAN

Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. “Menebar Benih Antikorupsi Laporan Tahunan KPK 2022,” 2022.

DOKUMEN / PUBLIKASI INTERNASIONAL

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. “The International Trends of Asset Recovery,” 2021.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & World Bank. “Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) Initiative: Challenges, Opportunities, and Action Plan,” 2021.

KARYA AKADEMIK NON-JURNAL (ESAI/ANALISIS HUKUM)

Husein, Yunus. “PENJELASAN HUKUM TENTANG PERAMPASAN ASET TANPA PEMIDANAAN DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI,” 2019.

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