Frasa “Kepentingan Nasional” sebagai Alat Pembatas Hak Adat: Analisis Normatif Pasal 4 UU Kehutanan dalam Hal Konflik Tanah Adat di Indonesia

• Mochamad Didan Afandi

  Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pamulang

  Author

• TB Akbar Tunjung Putih

  Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pamulang

  Author

• Deden Wijaya

  Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pamulang

  Author

• Muhamad Gilang Ramadhan

  Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pamulang

  Author

Indigenous land conflicts within forest areas reveal a structural problem in Indonesian forestry law, particularly regarding the use of the phrase “national interest” in Article 4 of Law Number 41 of 1999 on Forestry. Normatively, this phrase is intended to safeguard state interests in forest resource management; however, in practice, it is frequently used as a legal basis to restrict or even negate indigenous peoples’ customary land rights. This study aims to analyze the normative position and legal implications of the phrase “national interest” on the recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights over customary land. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case law approaches. The findings indicate that broad and ambiguous interpretations of “national interest” tend to subordinate customary rights to development and investment agendas. This situation illustrates the persistent tension between state law and customary law within the framework of legal pluralism. The study concludes that clearer normative limitations and stronger substantive recognition of customary land rights are necessary to ensure that forestry law aligns with the principles of agrarian justice, human rights protection, and environmental sustainability.

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