Dampak Inkonsistensi Penerapan Prinsip Komplementaritas dan Ketidaksiapan Aparat Nasional terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Individual atas Kejahatan Genosida

• Sania Ulfatun Nikmah

  Universitas Bengkulu

  Author

• Tiara Intan Camesi

  Universitas Bengkulu

  Author

• Asep Suherman

  Universitas Bengkulu

  Author

This research examines the inconsistency in the application of the complementarity principle and the lack of preparedness of national law enforcement agencies, which impacts the failure to implement individual criminal responsibility for the crime of genocide. The study aims to analyze how the inconsistent application of the complementarity principle under the Rome Statute and weaknesses in national capacity and regulations hinder the prosecution of genocide perpetrators. Using a normative juridical research method with legislative (Rome Statute 1998, Law No. 26 of 2000), conceptual (complementarity principle, individual criminal responsibility, command responsibility), and comparative (cases of Sudan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka) approaches, this study finds that the ineffectiveness of genocide prosecutions is due to state unwillingness and inability. Poor harmonization of national law with international standards, minimal regulation of command responsibility, and lack of institutional capacity are identified as main causes. It is concluded that strengthening national regulations, adopting international legal principles, and enhancing institutional capacity are essential to ensure accountability for genocide perpetrators and prevent impunity.

1. Sania Ulfatun Nikmah, Universitas Bengkulu

   Fakultas Huku, Universitas Bengkulu

2. Tiara Intan Camesi, Universitas Bengkulu

   Fakultas Huku, Universitas Bengkulu

3. Asep Suherman, Universitas Bengkulu

   Fakultas Huku, Universitas Bengkulu

Barda Nawawi Arief, S. H. Bunga rampai kebijakan hukum pidana. Prenada Media, 2016.

International Criminal Court, "The Principle of Complementarity,https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/how-the-court-works/complementarity. Diakses Pada 09 Mei 2025 Pukul 20.02.

International Crisis Group, “Sri Lanka’s Deadly Divisions,” 2011, https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka/sri-lankas-deadly-divisions.

Kresna Pradipta, “Evaluasi Penerapan Tanggung Jawab Komando dalam Penanganan Kejahatan HAM Berat di Indonesia,” Jurnal Hukum Internasional Indonesia, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2022. https://ejournal.balitbangham.go.id/index.php/jhii/article/view/1804

Lestari Wulandari, Mahkamah Pidana Internasional dan Peranannya dalam Penegakan Hukum Humaniter (Jakarta: Kencana, 2020).

Lilik Mulyadi, Hukum Pidana Internasional: Suatu Pengantar, (Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2020).

Lilis Herlina, "Urgensi Penegakan Hukum terhadap Kejahatan Genosida dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional," Jurnal Hukum Internasional Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022).

M. Yusrizal, Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana Internasional dan Implementasinya dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia, (Yogyakarta: FH UII Press, 2022).

Moch. Faisal Salam, “Urgensi Harmonisasi Hukum Nasional terhadap Statuta Roma untuk Penegakan Kejahatan Genosida,” Jurnal Hukum Internasional Indonesia, Vol. 8 No. 2, 2021, hlm. 97–109. https://ejournal.balitbangham.go.id/index.php/jhii/article/view/1620

Muhammad Iqbal, “Relevansi Statuta Roma dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Nasional,” Jurnal Hukum Internasional, Vol. 10 No. 1, 2019. https://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/jhi/article/view/11458

Peter, Mahmud Marzuki. "Penelitian hukum." (2006).

Saldi Isra, “Pertanggungjawaban Komando dalam Pelanggaran HAM Berat: Tinjauan terhadap Ketentuan Statuta Roma,” Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 16 No. 4, 2019, https://jurnalkonstitusi.mkri.id/index.php/jk/article/view/1586

Statuta Roma Mahkamah Pidana Internasional, 1998.

Suparman Marzuki, "Pertanggungjawaban Individual dalam Hukum Pidana Internasional," Jurnal Hukum Internasional Vol. 6 No. 2 (2020)

uman Rights Watch, “Q&A: The Case Against Sudan’s President Bashir,” 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/12/qa-case-against-sudans-president-bashir.

UN Human Rights Council, “Report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar,” 2018, https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/myanmar-ffm/index.

William A. Schabas, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, 5th ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017)

• pdf