STUDI LITERATUR: KESENJANGAN AKSES OBAT DI DAERAH TERPENCIL SEBAGAI TANTANGAN KEADILAN SOSIAL BAGI SELURUH RAKYAT INDONESIA

• Khaila Zaharani Riyanto

  Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

  Author

• Liska Virgiawati Aji Rabbani

  Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

  Author

• Melda Khaerunnida

  Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

  Author

• Meyra Nurfathin Nadirah

  Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

  Author

Access to medicines is an essential part of health services and the fulfillment of the constitutionally guaranteed right to health. In Indonesia, the government has implemented various national policies, such as the National Health Insurance (JKN), the National Formulary (Fornas), and the e-catalog drug procurement system, with the aim of ensuring equitable and affordable access to medicines for all. However, various studies indicate that disparities in access to medicines persist, particularly in remote, border, and island areas. This article aims to analyze disparities in access to medicines in remote areas based on national studies, identify the main factors causing these disparities, and examine these issues as challenges to social justice in health services in Indonesia. The method used was a literature review of national journals published over the past ten years that discussed drug availability, distribution systems, the National Health Insurance (JKN) policy, and socioeconomic factors influencing access to healthcare services. The study results indicate that the gap in drug access is influenced by Indonesia's geographical characteristics as an archipelagic nation, limited infrastructure and transportation, unequal availability of health facilities and pharmaceutical resources, and weak drug distribution chain management in remote areas. These conditions lead to limited or even unavailable essential drugs in regions such as Papua, Maluku, and East Nusa Tenggara. This unequal access to drugs reflects the suboptimal fulfillment of the right to health and poses a challenge to social justice in the national health system. Therefore, strengthening the drug distribution system and policies that are more adaptive to regional characteristics are needed to achieve equitable access to drugs for all Indonesians.

Hairunnisa, H., Fitriyanti, S., & Latifah, N. (2020). Implementasi sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional dalam pemerataan akses obat di Indonesia. An-Najat: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 2(2), 85–94.

Indahri, Y., Suryawati, C., & Budiono, I. (2014). Ketersediaan obat di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dalam penyelenggaraan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 3(4), 180–189.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Formularium nasional. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Loen, H. (2024). Kemiskinan, pendidikan, dan akses layanan kesehatan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 19(1), 45–54.

Nugraheni, W. P., & Hartono, B. (2018). Distribusi tenaga kefarmasian dan implikasinya terhadap akses obat di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan, 21(3), 145–153.

Nurcholiq, A., & Hardianto. (2024). The impact of poverty on healthcare service disparities in Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia, 9(2), 101–110.

Prasetyawan, Y., Rahmawati, D., & Lestari, P. (2021). Kerentanan rantai pasok obat di wilayah kepulauan terpencil Indonesia. Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia, 10(3), 178–187.

Yuliani, S., & Sari, M. I. (2022). Akses obat pada fasilitas kesehatan primer di wilayah kepulauan Maluku dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 10(1), 33–42.

• pdf