ILAU : TRANSFORMASI TRADISI RATAPAN MENJADI KESENIAN SAKRAL DI NAGARI SALAYO, KABUPATEN SOLOK

Abstract

Artikel ini ditulis untuk menjelaskan transformasi tradisi ratapan Bailau menjadi kesenian sakral Ilau di Nagari Salayo, Kabupaten Solok, guna mendokumentasikan dan melestarikan warisan budaya Minangkabau. Penelitian riset kualitatif ini menerapkan observasi partisipatif/non-partisipatif serta wawancara semi-struktural dengan informan utama berupa seniman tari lokal, pelatih tari, tokoh adat, perangkat nagari, dan generasi muda; data primer kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui catatan lapangan, rekaman audio-visual, serta foto selama satu minggu di Nagari Salayo menggunakan alat seperti notes, kamera, dan recorder, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi tema seperti makna simbolis, regenerasi, dan tantangan pelestarian. Hasil mengungkap asal-usul Bailau dari ritual ratapan kematian Dt. Parpatiah nan Sabatang abad 14-15 M yang beradaptasi menjadi seni pertunjukan pasca-Islamisasi, dengan keunikan kesakralan berupa penari pingsan akibat penghayatan autentik dan simbol batang pisang sebagai mayat; pembahasan menyoroti adaptabilitas budaya serta ancaman regenerasi minim; simpulan merekomendasikan strategi pelestarian melalui pendidikan, dokumentasi digital, dan komitmen kolektif untuk mewariskan identitas Nagari Salayo.

This article was written to explain the transformation of the Bailau lamentation tradition into the sacred art of Ilau in Nagari Salayo, Solok Regency, in order to document and preserve the cultural heritage of Minangkabau. This qualitative research study employed participatory/non-participatory observation and semi-structured interviews with key informants, including local dance artists, dance instructors, traditional leaders, village officials, and young people. Qualitative primary data was collected through field notes, audio-visual recordings, and photographs during a week in Nagari Salayo using tools such as notebooks, cameras, and recorders, then analyzed thematically to identify themes such as symbolic meaning, regeneration, and preservation challenges. The results reveal the origins of Bailau from the 14th-15th century Dt. Parpatiah nan Sabatang death lamentation ritual, which adapted into a post-Islamization performing art, with the unique sacredness of dancers fainting due to authentic appreciation and the symbol of a banana trunk as a corpse; the discussion highlights cultural adaptability and the threat of minimal regeneration; the conclusion recommends preservation strategies through education, digital documentation, and collective commitment to pass on the identity of Nagari Salayo.