Vol. 21 No. 4 (2025)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

PREVALENSI DAN DETERMINAN INFEKSI SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI PANTI ASUHAN: TINJAUAN LITERATUR

Published 2025-12-25

  • Bilal Achmad
    • ,
  • Intan Kusumaningtyas
    • ,
  • Endah Setyaningrum
    • ,
  • Jhons Fatriadi Suwandi

Bilal Achmad
Universitas Lampung

Intan Kusumaningtyas
Universitas Lampung

Endah Setyaningrum
Universitas Lampung

Jhons Fatriadi Suwandi
Universitas Lampung

Abstract

Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di negara berkembang, dengan anak-anak panti asuhan sebagai kelompok rentan. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini bertujuan menganalisis prevalensi dan determinan infeksi STH pada anak usia sekolah dasar di panti asuhan.Prevalensi STH pada anak panti asuhan berkisar 19,2% hingga 96,4%, dengan Ascaris lumbricoides sebagai spesies dominan. Determinan utama meliputi higiene personal yang buruk, rendahnya pengetahuan tentang transmisi STH, durasi tinggal di panti, kondisi sanitasi yang tidak memadai, dan kepadatan hunian. Dampak kesehatan mencakup anemia, malnutrisi, gangguan pertumbuhan, dan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Strategi pencegahan komprehensif yang mengintegrasikan pemberian obat massal, edukasi kesehatan, perbaikan fasilitas Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH), dan modifikasi perilaku higienis terbukti efektif menurunkan prevalensi infeksi. Tinjauan ini menekankan perlunya pendekatan holistik dalam pengendalian STH di lingkungan panti asuhan, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor individu, lingkungan, dan sosial. Secara keseluruhan, tinjauan ini menyimpulkan bahwa tingginya prevalensi STH pada anak panti asuhan sangat dipengaruhi oleh determinan perilaku dan lingkungan sehingga intervensi terarah pada kedua aspek tersebut menjadi kunci keberhasilan pengendalian.

Keywords

Anak sekolah, determinan, higiene personal, panti asuhan, soil transmitted helminths

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