NEGARA HUKUM, HAK ASASI MANUSIA, DAN DINAMIKA PENEGAKANNYA DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS KONSEPTUAL DAN REALITAS KONTEMPORER

• Agus Rustamana

  Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

  Author

• Mirza Mahdi

  Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

  Author

• Mutiara Taufiqoh

  Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

  Author

• Lintang Herdiana Putri

  Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

  Author

Based on Article 1 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia is a state based on the rule of law. This paper aims to analyze the concept of the rule of law, its relationship with Human Rights (HR), and the dynamics of law enforcement in Indonesia within a contemporary context. Using a qualitative library research method, this study discusses two main traditions of the rule of law: Rechtsstaat (Continental European), which emphasizes formal legality, and Rule of Law (Anglo-Saxon), which focuses on the supremacy of law and equality before the law. The analysis indicates that Indonesia adopts a unique synthesis called the Pancasila Rule of Law (Negara Hukum Pancasila), which integrates elements from both traditions, grounded in the values of Pancasila as its moral and philosophical foundation. However, in practice, law enforcement in Indonesia faces complex systemic challenges across the three components of Friedman's legal system: Structure (weak integrity and professionalism of law enforcement officials), Substance (overlapping and inconsistent regulations), and Culture (low legal awareness among the public and a feudal-corruptive culture among officials). The combination of these issues has led to a public trust crisis in legal institutions. Therefore, serious structural reform, regulatory harmonization, and the cultivation of legal culture through education are necessary to strengthen the rule of law and human rights protection in Indonesia.

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