ANTARA ADAT DAN LUKA BATIN: STUDI PSIKOLOGI WANITA TERHADAP KEKERASAN SOSIAL YANG DIALAMI PEREMPUAN BALI DALAM BAYANG-BAYANG BUDAYA PATRIARKAL DAN TUNTUTAN PERAN GENDER TRADISIONAL

Abstract

Bali's culture, rich with traditional values and customs, is often viewed as a noble heritage that maintains social harmony. However, behind this cultural construct lies the reality of gender inequality, which has the potential to perpetuate social violence and psychological pressure on women. This article aims to examine in depth the psychological experiences of Balinese women living under the shadow of patriarchal culture and traditional gender role expectations, using a women's psychology approach. The study focuses on forms of symbolic and psychosocial social violence and their impact on women's mental conditions, such as learned helplessness, self-silencing, and prolonged emotional distress. The method employed is a qualitative literature study, reviewing scientific journals, academic books, and official reports relevant to Balinese women's issues, patriarchal culture, and mental health. The findings indicate that the internalization of traditional gender roles and the legitimization of customs that support unequal power relations significantly contribute to psychological distress among Balinese women. Nevertheless, forms of psychological resilience were also identified through critical awareness, women's communities, and social advocacy spaces. This article emphasizes the importance of a contextual and intersectional women's psychology approach in understanding and addressing issues of violence and mental health among women in traditional societies.