Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan

Articles

PENATALAKSAAN FISIOTERAPI PADA ANAK BERUSIA 8 TAHUN DENGAN KONDISI ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA (AMC) DAN SKOLIOSIS SEKUNDER: STUDI KASUS

Published 2025-10-12

  • Natasha Mila Safiera
    • ,
  • Safun Rahmanto
    • ,
  • Nugraheni Agustyaningsih

Natasha Mila Safiera
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Safun Rahmanto
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Nugraheni Agustyaningsih
Yayasan Pembina Anak Cacat, Surakarta

Abstract

Introduction: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) is a congenital condition characterized by multiple joint contractures, causing limited movement and musculoskeletal deformity. One of the complications that often occurs is secondary scoliosis, which can impact the patient's posture, balance and functional capacity. This condition can affect daily activities and increase the risk of pain and cardiopulmonary disorders. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in reducing pain, improving posture, increasing thoracic expansion, and increasing functional ability in children with AMC and secondary scoliosis. Research method: This research used a case study design, physiotherapy intervention carried out for two weeks in five sessions at YPAC Surakarta. Interventions include massage, myofascial release, stretching exercises, postural correction using the Schroth method, breathing exercises, thoracic expansion exercises, and gait and postural training. Measurements were carried out using the Barthel Index, Verbal Descriptor Scale, Reedco Postural Assessment, scoliometer, and midline measurement for thoracic expansion Results: After five therapy sessions, the results showed a reduction in pain, reduction in muscle spasm, improvement in posture, and increased thoracic expansion. Barthel Index score remained stagnant. Conclusion: Physiotherapy intervention in children with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) and secondary scoliosis has proven effective in reducing pain, improving posture, and increasing thoracic expansion and basic physical function. Despite improvements in postural scores, degree of scoliosis, and standing time, the Barthel Index score remained stagnant indicating that the patient still had moderate dependence in daily activities. Therefore, long-term rehabilitation is necessary to improve patient independence and quality of life.

Pendahuluan: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) adalah kondisi bawaan yang ditandai dengan kontraktur sendi multipel, menyebabkan keterbatasan gerak dan deformitas muskuloskeletal. Salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi adalah skoliosis sekunder, yang dapat berdampak pada postur, keseimbangan, dan kapasitas fungsional pasien. Kondisi ini dapat memengaruhi aktivitas sehari-hari serta meningkatkan risiko nyeri dan gangguan kardiopulmoner. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas intervensi fisioterapi dalam mengurangi nyeri, memperbaiki postur, meningkatkan ekspansi toraks, serta meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional pada anak dengan AMC dan skoliosis sekunder. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus, intervensi fisioterapi yang dilakukan selama dua minggu sebanyak lima sesi di YPAC Surakarta. Intervensi yang diberikan meliputi massage, myofascial release, stretching exercise, postural correction menggunakan metode Schroth, breathing exercise, thoracic expansion exercise, serta gait and postural training. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan Barthel Index, Verbal Descriptor Scale, Reedco Postural Assessment, skoliometer, serta midline measurement untuk ekspansi toraks. Hasil : Setelah lima sesi terapi, hasil menunjukkan adanya penurunan nyeri, pengurangan spasme otot, perbaikan postur, serta peningkatan ekspansi toraks. Namun, skor Barthel Index tetap stagnan. Kesimpulan: Intervensi fisioterapi pada anak dengan Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) dan skoliosis sekunder terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi nyeri, memperbaiki postur, serta meningkatkan ekspansi toraks dan fungsi fisik dasar. Meskipun terjadi perbaikan dalam skor postural, derajat skoliosis, dan waktu berdiri, skor Barthel Index tetap stagnan di 80/100, menunjukkan bahwa pasien masih memiliki ketergantungan sedang dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, rehabilitasi jangka panjang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian dan kualitas hidup pasien.

Keywords

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, Secondary Scoliosis, Physiotherapy, Posture Correction, Breathing Exercises, Activities of Daily Living, Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, Skoliosis Sekunder, Fisioterapi, Koreksi Postur, Latihan Pernapasan, Aktivitas Sehari-hari

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