TA’RIF DALAM ILMU MANTIQ

Abstract

The science of logic (manṭiq) is a branch of science that serves as a tool to guide the mind to think correctly and orderly. One of the main discussions in manṭiq is ta‘rīf (definition), namely the effort to explain the essence of something clearly and comprehensively to avoid errors in thinking. Ta‘rīf has a fundamental position in manṭiq because it is the entry point to valid knowledge (taṣawwur), before one can achieve rational justification (taṣdīq). In the Islamic intellectual tradition, philosophers and logicians such as al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, and al-Ghazālī paid great attention to the concept of ta‘rīf as the basis for the structure of science. This study aims to analyze in depth the concept of ta'rīf in the science of manṭiq, including its definition, types of ta'rīf, the rules for its formation, and its role and urgency in building a scientific framework. Furthermore, this study also aims to explore the relevance of the concept of ta'rīf in the context of contemporary Islamic thought, particularly in the development of Islamic scientific methodology. This study uses a library research approach, collecting data from various sources, such as renowned journals, well-known books, and other websites. The results show that ta'rīf in manṭiq serves to obtain conceptual clarity regarding an object of knowledge. Structurally, ta'rīf consists of two main elements: jins (genus) and faṣl (differentia), which together form a perfect definition (ta'rīf kāmil). The study concludes that ta'rīf is the main foundation in manṭiq, playing a vital role in maintaining the intellect so that it can think systematically and correctly. Understanding ta'rīf helps one acquire clear knowledge, prevent errors in thinking, and strengthen conceptual analysis skills. Furthermore, the application of ta'rīf principles has broad relevance in various Islamic disciplines, making it an epistemological tool that supports the development of scientific methodology in the modern era.