Perbandingan Model Welfare State Skandinavia dan Model Productive Welfare Asia Timur: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Ekonomi Politik Kesejahteraan
Keywords:
welfare state; produktivisme; konfusianisme; Pembangunan; kesejahteraan sosialAbstract
Tulisan ini membandingkan model Welfare State Skandinavia dan model Productive Welfare Asia Timur melalui tinjauan literatur ekonomi politik kesejahteraan. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa kedua model berangkat dari fondasi filosofis yang berbeda: solidaritas universal dan egalitarianisme di Skandinavia, berlawanan dengan instrumentalisme pembangunan dan nilai-nilai Konfusianisme di Asia Timur. Perbedaan prinsip ini menghasilkan variasi tajam dalam struktur pendanaan, basis hak kesejahteraan, serta konfigurasi penyediaan layanan. Studi ini juga menyoroti perkembangan kontemporer seperti reformasi Moon Care di Korea Selatan dan perbandingan mekanisme pensiun NDC Swedia dengan CPF Singapura. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kedua wilayah menghadirkan jalur unik dalam pembangunan kesejahteraan yang tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijelaskan oleh tipologi Barat tradisional.
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