DEMOKRASI YANG TERTUNDA: DINAMIKA REGRESI DEMOKRASI DI ASIA TENGGARA PASCA PANDEMI

• Angeli Ramadhani

  Universitas Sutlan Ageng Tirtayasa

  Author

Regresi demokrasi tampak semakin jelas di Asia Tenggara setelah pandemi COVID-19. Kebijakan darurat yang diterapkan selama masa krisis memperkuat kekuasaan eksekutif dan melemahkan peran lembaga pengawas di beberapa negara. Laporan Freedom House 2024 menunjukkan penurunan skor kebebasan politik dan sipil di sebagian besar kawasan. Pengawasan digital dan sensor informasi berkembang pesat melalui regulasi media dan pemanfaatan teknologi pengawasan oleh negara. Demokrasi elektoral tetap berlangsung, tetapi ruang partisipasi publik dan kebebasan sipil menyusut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur untuk menelaah tiga dinamika utama yaitu penguatan kekuasaan eksekutif, kontrol ruang digital, serta stagnasi reformasi demokrasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pandemi mempercepat konsolidasi kekuasaan dan menghasilkan sistem politik hibrida yang memprioritaskan stabilitas politik dibanding akuntabilitas. Konsep demokrasi yang tertunda menggambarkan kondisi bahwa demokrasi tetap hadir secara prosedural, namun belum pulih dalam substansi partisipatif. Upaya pemulihan politik memerlukan penguatan peran masyarakat sipil dan transparansi penyelenggaraan negara agar demokrasi di Asia Tenggara kembali berkembang.

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