Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi

Articles

Vol. 10 No. 7 (2025): Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, ISSN 3025-1311

HILIRISASI RESIDU NIKEL: TRANSFORMASI SLAG NIKEL MENJADI MATERIAL GEOPOLIMER BERKINERJA TINGGI

Submitted
December 30, 2025
Published
2025-12-30

Abstract

Indonesia mempunyai endapan nikel laterit yang terbentuk melalui proses pelapukan batuan ultramafik dalam iklim tropis, yang menghasilkan karakteristik mineralogi dan geokimia yang kompleks. Kondisi ini menyebabkan proses ekstraksi nikel menjadi menantang, terutama akibat tingginya kadar air serta keberadaan unsur pengotor seperti magnesium, silika, dan besi dalam konsentrasi tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan teknologi pengolahan sangat ditentukan oleh karakteristik fisikokimia bijih, khususnya tipe laterit dan kadar nikelnya. Teknologi pirometalurgi, khususnya Rotary Kiln–Electric Furnace (RKEF), masih mendominasi industri nikel Indonesia karena kemampuannya mengolah bijih saprolit dengan kadar nikel relatif tinggi secara efektif. Proses RKEF menghasilkan produk utama berupa feronikel serta produk samping berupa slag nikel dalam jumlah besar. Slag nikel umumnya mengandung silika dan alumina dalam kadar tinggi, sehingga memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan konstruksi, terutama dalam beton geopolimer. Namun demikian, slag nikel juga mengandung logam berat yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola secara tepat. Beton geopolimer berbasis slag nikel memanfaatkan material aluminosilikat yang diaktifkan secara alkali untuk membentuk matriks polimer anorganik yang kuat dan stabil. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan slag nikel sebagai agregat atau material prekursor pada komposisi tertentu dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton geopolimer. Selain peningkatan kinerja mekanis, matriks geopolimer juga terbukti efektif dalam mengimobilisasi logam berat bawaan slag melalui mekanisme enkapsulasi fisik, ikatan kimia, adsorpsi, dan substitusi ion. Dengan demikian, pemanfaatan slag nikel sebagai beton geopolimer merupakan solusi berkelanjutan yang meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah industri sekaligus mendukung upaya pengurangan risiko lingkungan dan hilirisasi nikel.

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