Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

POTENSI SITOTOKSIK DAN TARGET MOLEKULER TANAMAN OBAT TERPILIH TERHADAP SEL KANKER PAYUDARA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Published 2026-01-17

  • Nawwar Irfan
    • ,
  • Sheila Anastasia
    • ,
  • Tahza Dhiva Raudatul Jannah
    • ,
  • Mella Kifkianti
    • ,
  • Azmarni Zulfa

Nawwar Irfan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Sheila Anastasia
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Tahza Dhiva Raudatul Jannah
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Mella Kifkianti
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Azmarni Zulfa
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide, requiring safer and more effective treatment strategies. Natural ingredients from medicinal plants are increasingly being studied as potential sources of anticancer agents because they have multi-target mechanisms of action and relatively fewer side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy. This article aims to identify medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that have breast cancer-fighting activity and analyze their mechanisms and molecular targets. The method used was a literature review with a systematic search through Google Scholar using the keywords “breast cancer,” “anti-cancer,” and “medicinal plants” for the period 2020–2025. A total of 20 relevant articles were found. The results of the review showed that compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and acetogenins have anticancer activity through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle inhibition, proliferation and metastasis reduction, and modulation of important signaling pathways such as HER-2, ER-α, SIRT1, STAT-3, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, and p53. Thus, medicinal plants have great potential as breast cancer agents, but further integrated research is needed up to the preclinical and clinical stages.

Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada perempuan di seluruh dunia, sehingga diperlukan strategi terapi yang lebih aman dan efektif. Bahan alam dari tanaman obat semakin banyak diteliti sebagai sumber potensial agen antikanker karena memiliki mekanisme kerja multi-target dan efek samping yang relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan kemoterapi konvensional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tanaman obat serta senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker payudara dan menganalisis mekanisme serta target molekulernya. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka dengan pencarian literatur secara sistematis melalui Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci “kanker payudara”, “antikanker”, dan “tanaman obat” pada rentang tahun 2020–2025. Sebanyak 20 artikel yang relevan. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa senyawa seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenol, terpenoid, dan acetogenin memiliki aktivitas antikanker melalui berbagai mekanisme, seperti induksi apoptosis, penghambatan siklus sel, penurunan proliferasi dan metastasis, serta modulasi jalur sinyal penting seperti HER-2, ER-α, SIRT1, STAT-3, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, dan p53. Dengan demikian, tanaman obat berpotensi besar sebagai agen antikanker payudara, namun diperlukan penelitian lanjutan secara terintegrasi hingga tahap praklinik dan klinis.

Keywords

Anticancer, breast cancer, phytotherapy, Antikanker, kanker payudara, fitoterapi

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