SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM: DARI FASE RASULULLAH SAW HINGGA ERA KLASIK DAN MODERN

Abstract

This article discusses the history of the development of Islam from the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW to the classical and modern eras. Beginning with the condition of Arabian society during the age of ignorance (jahiliyah), this article explains how Prophet Muhammad SAW spread the teachings of Islam in Makkah and Madinah, as well as his role in establishing the foundations of the Islamic community. After receiving revelation, Prophet Muhammad SAW began preaching openly, which led to strong opposition from the Quraysh. Five main factors caused the Quraysh to reject the message of Islam: their inability to distinguish between prophethood and political leadership, the rejection of the idea of equality between the nobility and slaves, the denial of the concept of the afterlife, their adherence to ancestral traditions, and the threat to their livelihood as idol makers and sellers of idols. During his eleven years in Makkah, Prophet Muhammad SAW was not only a religious leader but also an effective political leader and statesman. He successfully united the Arabian Peninsula under his leadership. This article also highlights how his leadership in both religious and political spheres enabled him to establish an Islamic society that laid the foundation for Islamic civilization. Ultimately, this article shows how the long journey of Islamic history continues to influence the development of the Muslim world today.