Konflik Tanah Ulayat Masyarakat Adat Nagari Bancah Kariang Dengan Transmigran

Abstract

The conflict originated from differing perceptions regarding land ownership among three parties whose claims overlapped and were not aligned. These three parties are the indigenous community of Nagari Bancah Kariang together with PT INKUD, and the transmigrants. The ninik mamak (customary leaders) argued that land management rights could be transferred if the previous party was unable to manage the land properly. Meanwhile, PT INKUD assumed that once customary leaders had approved cooperation with the company, PT INKUD had the authority to manage the land in question. In contrast, the transmigrants viewed the land allocated to them as their full right and responsibility. this study has three objectives. First, to examine the chronology of the ulayat land conflict in Nagari Bancah Kariang from 1961 to 2000. Second, to identify and analyze the factors causing the conflict. Third, to examine the efforts to resolve the ulayat land conflict among the indigenous community, transmigrants, and PT INKUD in Nagari Bancah Kariang. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with eighteen informants, two months of field observation, and a review of eighteen documents, and were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To ensure data validity, source triangulation was conducted using information from the indigenous community, transmigrants, nagari government officials, and official archival documents from Kinali Subdistrict. The results show that, first, the conflict developed through three phases. The first phase occurred during the period 1961–1978 and marked the initial agreement on the distribution of ulayat land from the indigenous community to the transmigrants, as well as the arrival of transmigrants in Nagari Bancah Kariang. In the second phase, during the period 1995–2000, the conflict began to escalate. The transmigrant group experienced confusion and a lack of clarity regarding the arrival of PT INKUD, which started to take over the management of land previously cultivated by the transmigrants. The third phase occurred from June to October 2000, when the conflict reached its peak, characterized by increasing misunderstandings, the emergence of social prejudice, and acts of anarchic violence. Second, there are three main factors causing the conflict: (1) misunderstandings among the three parties involved, (2) prejudice within the community, and (3) anarchic actions. Third, there are three conflict resolution efforts: consensus-based deliberation (musyawarah mufakat) initiated by the transmigrants, mediation by the government, and negotiation initiated by the transmigrant group. The conflict was ultimately resolved through a mutual agreement among the indigenous community, transmigrants, and PT INKUD, involving the relocation of the company’s operational site and the return of land management rights to the transmigrants by the ninik mamak.