Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi

Articles

Vol. 10 No. 7 (2025): Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, ISSN 3025-1311

Analisis Etika dalam Sistem Pengambilan Keputusan berbasis AI: Systematic Literature Review 2020–2025.

Submitted
December 11, 2025
Published
2025-12-11

Abstract

Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam sistem pengambilan keputusan telah berkembang pesat pada periode 2020–2025, namun memunculkan tantangan etika serius seperti bias algoritmik, pelanggaran privasi, dan kurangnya transparansi (black box). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan tren, pola, dan isu utama etika spesifik pada sistem pengambilan keputusan berbasis AI dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data diperoleh melalui penelusuran sistematis pada pangkalan data internasional bereputasi, di mana 15 artikel terpilih dianalisis untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian terkait mitigasi bias, pendekatan desain, dan faktor etika yang berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, bias algoritmik teridentifikasi sebagai isu paling kritis yang kini dimitigasi melalui pendekatan hibrida: integrasi Explainable AI (XAI), audit algoritma berkelanjutan, dan jaminan keadilan (fairness). Kedua, terjadi pergeseran paradigma desain dari pedoman normatif menuju kerangka kerja praktis AI by Design yang mengintegrasikan privasi, kontrol manusia bermakna (meaningful human control), dan mekanisme kehati-hatian bawaan (embedded caution). Ketiga, keseimbangan antara transparansi dan akuntabilitas menjadi faktor penentu utama dalam membangun kepercayaan pengguna guna mengatasi fenomena psikologis seperti Outcome Bias dan Moral Distance. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adopsi kerangka kerja etika global yang teruji sangat penting untuk mengharmonisasikan standar teknis dengan implementasi UU Pelindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP) di Indonesia, khususnya dalam menjamin hak penjelasan dan keamanan data.

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