Keywords
Rice Straw; Indigofera Zollingeriana; Rumen Fermentation; VFA (Volatile Fatty Acids); Ruminal NH3- N; Rumen Protozoa; Methane Emission; Beef Cattle; Legume Supplementation; Greenhouse Gas Mitigation.
How to Cite
Abstract
Ketersediaan hijauan berkualitas di wilayah tropis berfluktuasi, terutama pada musim kemarau, sehingga peternak sapi pedaging banyak memanfaatkan jerami padi sebagai pakan basal. Namun, jerami padi memiliki protein kasar rendah serta kandungan NDF dan lignin tinggi yang menurunkan kecernaan dan membuat fermentasi rumen kurang efisien, ditandai oleh rendahnya VFA total dan tingginya rasio asetat:propionat yang berpotensi meningkatkan emisi metana. Kajian ini merupakan studi literatur yang menelaah publikasi tahun 2016–2025 dari berbagai basis data ilmiah untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi Indigofera zollingeriana pada ransum berbasis jerami terhadap fermentasi rumen dan emisi metana sapi pedaging. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa Indigofera, sebagai leguminosa berprotein tinggi, meningkatkan suplai nitrogen rumen, mempercepat degradasi serat jerami, menaikkan VFA total, meningkatkan propionat, menurunkan NH3- N berlebih, dan meningkatkan protein mikroba. Kandungan tanin dan saponin Indigofera menurunkan populasi protozoa rumen sehingga menekan metanogen, sementara peningkatan propionat mengurangi hidrogen bebas sebagai substrat metanogenesis. Secara keseluruhan, suplementasi Indigofera pada pakan jerami mampu memperbaiki efisiensi fermentasi rumen, meningkatkan ketersediaan energi dan protein bagi ternak, serta menurunkan emisi metana enterik. Strategi ini berpotensi mendukung sistem penggemukan sapi pedaging yang lebih produktif dan ramah lingkungan di Indonesia.
In tropical regions, the availability of high- quality forage fluctuates seasonally, particularly duringthe dry season, leading beef cattle farmers to rely on rice straw as a basal diet. However, rice straw is characterized by low crude protein and high NDF and lignin contents, resulting in poor digestibility and inefficient rumen fermentation, reflected by low total VFA and a high acetate-to-propionate ratio that may promote enteric methane emissions. This study is a literature review synthesizing relevant publications from 2016–2025 indexed in national and international scientific databases to evaluate the effects of Indigofera zollingeriana supplementation in rice straw–based diets on rumen fermentation and methane production in beef cattle. The reviewed evidence consistently indicates that Indigofera, a high-protein tropical legume, improves rumen nitrogen supply, accelerates straw fiber degradation, increases total VFA, enhances propionate formation, reduces excess ruminal NH3-N, and promotes microbial protein synthesis. Moreover, Indigofera contains moderate levels of tannins and saponins that suppress rumen protozoa, thereby indirectly reducing protozoa-associated methanogens, while the shift toward propionate fermentation lowers available hydrogen for methanogenesis. Overall, Indigofera supplementation in rice straw diets enhances rumen fermentation efficiency, improves energy and protein availability for growth, and mitigates enteric methane emissions. This feeding strategy offers a promising approach for sustainable and productive beef cattle systems in Indonesia.
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