Dampak Etika Komunikasi di Media Sosial terhadap Polarisasi Publik: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis ( Systematic Literature Review)

Abstract

This study aims to map the specific mechanisms by which 
violations of communication ethics on social media contribute to 
public polarization, a major challenge to social cohesion in the 
21st century. The research employs a Systematic Literature 
Review (SLR) method based on library research. The analysis 
process was carried out systematically by collecting articles from 
the Google database using the keywords “communication ethics” 
and “social media.” The review revealed two main findings. First, 
ethical violations such as hate speech, dehumanization, and the 
spread of misinformation serve as key catalysts that significantly 
increase affective polarization (intergroup hostility) by triggering 
negative emotions and creating a fragmented reality. Second, the 
literature consistently identifies digital ethics education as the 
primary solution. It is concluded that social media functions as a 
“public space” where unethical behavior directly impacts social 
division. Therefore, the implementation of practical ethical 
guidelines is necessary, both through formal education (courtesy, 
privacy awareness) and value-based education, to foster “wise 
learning” and responsible behavior among users