Vol. 24 No. 12 (2025): Musytari: Neraca Manajemen, Akuntasi, dan Ekonomi, ISSN 3025-9495
Articles

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE AND SALES PROMOTION ON IMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIOUR BETWEEN GENERATION Z AND GENERATION X CUSTOMERS AT STARBUCKS MANADO

Christopher Henly Pattiwael
University of Sam Ratulangi Manado
David Saerang
University of Sam Ratulangi Manado
Johan Reiner Tumiwa
University of Sam Ratulangi Manado

Published 2025-11-07

Keywords

  • Brand Image,
  • Sales Promotion,
  • Impulsive Buying Behavior,
  • Generation Z,
  • Generation X

How to Cite

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE AND SALES PROMOTION ON IMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIOUR BETWEEN GENERATION Z AND GENERATION X CUSTOMERS AT STARBUCKS MANADO. (2025). Musytari : Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, Dan Ekonomi, 24(12), 591-600. https://cibjournal.com/index.php/musytari/article/view/1227

Abstract

This study examines the comparative influence of brand image and sales promotion on impulsive buying behavior between Generation Z and Generation X customers at Starbucks in Manado. The research objectives are to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of these variables on impulsive buying for each generation and to identify any differences between them. Employing a quantitative comparative approach, data were collected via questionnaires using a Likert scale from 200 respondents (100 from each generation) selected through purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression, t-tests, and F-tests were used for analysis. The findings reveal that sales promotion has a significant positive effect on impulsive buying behavior for both generations, while brand image does not. The simultaneous influence of brand image and sales promotion is significant for each group, but there are no significant differences in these effects between Generation Z and Generation X. These results imply that sales promotions are a more effective driver of impulsive purchases across generations at Starbucks Manado, offering practical insights for tailored marketing strategies and contributing to consumer behavior literature.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Aliaga, M., & Gunderson, B. (2002). Interactive statistics. Prentice Hall.
  2. Alhaddad, A. (2015). The effect of brand image on consumer purchase behavior:
  3. A study in the retail sector. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 12, 45–53.
  4. American Marketing Association. (2025, February 11). The definition of marketing: What is marketing? American Marketing Association. https://www.ama.org/the-definition-of-marketing-what-is-marketing/
  5. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., & Cochran, J. J. (2011). Essentials of statistics for business and economics (6th ed.). South-Western Cengage Learning.
  6. Andruszkiewicz, K., & Wierzejski, T. (2024). Comparative analysis of Generation Z consumer behavior in Poland and Germany: Implications for the organic food market. European Research Studies Journal, 27(2), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.52903/ersj.122516
  7. Arora, L., & Verma, S. (2022). A study of factors influencing impulse buying behavior of Generation Z. IJFANS International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 11(11), 4207–4212.
  8. Ayuningtyas, M. F., & Irawan, A. (2025). The influence of financial literacy on Bandung Generation Z consumers’ impulsive buying behavior with self-control as mediating variable. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 10(2), 123–135.
  9. Blattberg, R. C., & Neslin, S. A. (1990). Sales promotion: Concepts, methods, and strategies. Prentice Hall.
  10. Chasanah, U., & Mathori, M. (2021). Impulsive buying: Kajian promosi penjualan, gaya hidup, dan norma subjektif pada marketplace di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia, 12(2), 231–245. https://doi.org/10.21009/jrmsi.012.2.03
  11. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.
  12. Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). ‘Instagram made me buy it’: Generation Z impulse purchases in the fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, Article 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102345
  13. Ernawati, R., Dwi, A. B., & Argo, J. G. (2021). Analisis pengaruh promosi, harga, dan citra merek terhadap keputusan pembelian pada situs e-commerce Zalora di Jakarta. Business Management Analysis Journal, 4(2), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.24176/bmaj.v4i2.6663
  14. Febria, F. A. (2024). Comparative analysis impulse purchases of Millennials and Generation Z on the live shopping platform TikTok. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Science and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 160–169. https://e-journal.uac.ac.id/index.php/iijse/article/download/5306/2112
  15. Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  16. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  17. Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
  18. Herniah, S., & Normiyati, N. (2020). Analisis perilaku konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian online sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19: Studi kasus pada pengguna aplikasi Shopee di Kota Makassar. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan, 2(1), 885–890. https://jurnalp4i.com/index.php/cendekia/article/view/885/890
  19. Kchaou, A. S., & Amara, R. B. (2014). The role of sales promotion in inducing impulse purchases. International Journal of Management Excellence, 3(1), 362–366.
  20. Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252054
  21. Kholida, A., & Rini, G. P. (2025). Exploring Gen Z consumers’ impulse buying behaviour on e-commerce: An SDL perspective. Journal of E-Commerce Research, 15(3), 45–60.
  22. Kompas. (2024, August 15). Mengapa kafe dan kedai kopi kian marak di Indonesia? Kompas.id. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2024/08/15/mengapa-kafe-dan-kedai-kopi-kian-marak-di-indonesia
  23. Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2018). Principles of marketing (17th ed.). University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmarketing/
  24. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson.
  25. Kumar, V., & Reinartz, W. (2018). Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools (3rd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55381-7
  26. Kusumawardhani, S. A., & Mulyowahyudi, A. (2023). The influence of promotion, price and brand image on impulse buying with hedonic shopping motivation as intervening variable. International Journal of Management Science and Application, 2(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.58291/ijmsa.v2i1.122
  27. Malini, H. (2021). Gaya konsumsi dan perilaku konsumen Generasi Z di warung kopi [Consumption style and consumer behavior of Generation Z in coffee shops]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional SATIESP 2021, 34–44. https://feb.untan.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/5.pdf
  28. Mandolfo, M., Bettiga, D., Lamberti, L., & Noci, G. (2022). Influence of sales promotion on impulse buying: A dual process approach. Journal of Promotion Management, 28(5), 599–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2022.2060415
  29. Mbwambo, A. J. (2019). The influence of sales promotion on organizational performance: An intermediaries perspective [Master’s dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania]. The Open University of Tanzania Repository.
  30. Mishra, A., Solanki, S. C., & Suryavanshi, G. (2021). A study on sales promotional activities in retail stores. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8(11), 785–790.
  31. Nguyen, T. H. N., Tran, N. K. H., Do, K., & Tran, V. D. (2024). The role of product visual appeal and sales promotion program on consumer impulsive buying behavior. Emerging Science Journal, 8(1), 297–302. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-021
  32. Oganisjana, K., Bak, M., Kozlovskis, K., & Andersone, I. (2022). Changes in Generations X and Y consumer behavior caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the 13th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics (IMCIC 2022), 189–194. https://www.iiis.org/CDs2022/CD2022Spring/papers/ZA008LQ.pdf
  33. Opit, H. C., & Sumendap, R. F. (2021). “Biar kalah nasi mar jangan kalah aksi”: Studi kasus pastoral terhadap gaya hidup hedonis pada masyarakat Kota Manado. Poimen: Jurnal Penggembalaan, 2(2), 1–12. https://ejournal-iakn-manado.ac.id/index.php/poimen/article/view/768/566
  34. Pramanik, S., Pramanik, R., & Prakash, G. (2018). Sales promotion strategies and customers’ impulsive buying behavior: A study of Indore City. International Journal of Research, 5(23), 943–946. https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/
  35. Rani, M. (2024). Impulsive buying behavior: A literature review. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 12(9), 868–874.
  36. Reddy, S., & Panbude, S. (2022). A study on factors affecting impulsive buying behavior. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(3), 677–688.
  37. Rook, D. W., & Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative influences on impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1086/209452
  38. Sahraoui Kchaou, A., & Ben Amara, R. (2014). The influence of sales promotions on impulsive buying behavior. International Journal of Management Excellence, 3(1), 363–365.
  39. Silva, S. C., Brito, P. Q., & Rodrigues, P. (2018). The influence of WOM and peer interaction in the decision-making process of Generation Z within the family. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322988808_The_influence_of_WOM_and_Peer_Interaction_in_the_Decision-Making_Process_of_Generation_Z_within_the_family
  40. Stankevich, A. (2017). Explaining the consumer decision-making process: Critical literature review. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 2(6), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.26.3001
  41. Utami, D. S., Widyastuti, T., & Wijayanto, A. (2023). Pengaruh kepercayaan merek, citra merek, dan promosi terhadap keputusan konsumen dalam memilih platform pembelian buah dan sayur online selama pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia, 11(2), 120–135. https://doi.org/10.21009/jagbi.2023.11.2
  42. Widyastuti, H., & Prastitya, T. A. (2020). Preferensi konsumen pengguna e-commerce yang memengaruhi kesadaran akan perlindungan konsumen pada Generasi X. Jurnal Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 10(1), 10–19. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jsinbis/article/download/25702/pdf_1