ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PRINSIP DASAR PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL DAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Sistem perbankan Indonesia memiliki karakteristik unik berupa koeksistensi dua sistem, yaitu perbankan syariah dan konvensional. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan prinsip dasar, kelebihan, kelemahan, kontribusi, dan tantangan dari kedua sistem perbankan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bank syariah beroperasi berdasarkan prinsip syariah Islam yang melarang riba, gharar, dan maysir, dengan menekankan keadilan, transparansi, dan bagi hasil melalui akad-akad seperti mudharabah dan musyarakah. Sementara itu, bank konvensional berlandaskan pada sistem bunga dan berorientasi pada profit. Meskipun memiliki kelemahan dalam hal jangkauan dan literasi, bank syariah berperan sebagai pengimbang etika. Di sisi lain, bank konvensional unggul dalam efisiensi dan jaringan yang luas, namun menyisakan tantangan terkait aspek keadilan. Kesimpulannya, kedua sistem saling melengkapi dalam mendorong perekonomian nasional. Keberhasilan sistem perbankan nasional di masa depan bergantung pada kemampuan bank syariah dalam meningkatkan inovasi dan edukasi, serta kemampuan bank konvensional dalam memperkuat tata kelola dan prinsip keberlanjutan.

Indonesia's banking system is uniquely characterized by the coexistence of two systems: Islamic and conventional banking. This qualitative research aims to analyze the fundamental principles, advantages, disadvantages, contributions, and challenges of both banking systems. The findings indicate that Islamic banks operate based on Sharia principles which prohibit riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), emphasizing justice, transparency, and profit-sharing through contracts such as mudharabah and musyarakah. Conversely, conventional banks are based on an interest system and are profit-oriented. Although facing challenges in terms of reach and public literacy, Islamic banking serves as an ethical counterweight. On the other hand, conventional banks excel in efficiency and extensive networks but face challenges related to aspects of fairness. In conclusion, both systems complement each other in driving the national economy. The future success of the national banking system depends on the ability of Islamic banks to enhance innovation and education, and the ability of conventional banks to strengthen governance and sustainability principles.